Red Badge of Courage Essay: Battle for Adulthood :: Red Badge Courage Essays

A Battle for Adulthood in Red Badge of Courage    Throughout the novel, The Red Badge of Courage, written by Stephen Crane, a theme is portrayed within a battle that takes place during the Civil War. It is that each person must find the courage to win his or her won battle for maturity or adulthood. A soldier, who is also the main character, Henry Fleming, exemplifies this theme.    Henry Fleming begins as an immature soldier who enlists in the army without knowing a reason why. Henry has a romantic view of the war, and expects it to be glorious: â€Å"They [battles] might not be distinctly Homeric, but there seemed to be much glory in them. He [Henry] had read of marches, sieges, conflicts, and he had longed to see it all.† Henry obviously lacks maturity because he was very determined to enlist in the army, but tries to blame the government for being at war.    Henry starts to realize that there are no heroes and that there are no individuals: â€Å"He had grown to regard himself merely as a part of a vast blue demonstration.† Therefore he is beginning to fight the battle within himself into adulthood. Henry looses some of his selfishness and gains concern for others, another stepping stone: â€Å"He felt the subtle battle brotherhood more potent even than the cause for which he was fighting.† Henry deserts a dying soldier and runs from a battle, but recognizes that running away was wrong. It isn’t a mature action, but he is mature to realize the magnitude of running.    With the knowledge of his past mistakes, Henry goes into battle without thinking about the past and fights heroically. After a general makes a derogatory remark about Henry and his comrades, it reveals Henry’s change of attitude. He accepts the comment without rebellion and fights with courage. Because of the success of fighting bravely, Henry has the self-esteem to deal with his mistakes as an adult. As a mature person he can learn from his mistakes.

Challenges of Money Market Mkt in India Essay

The India money market is a monetary system that involves the lending and borrowing of short-term funds. India money market has seen exponential growth just after the globalization initiative in 1991. It has been observed that financial institutions do employ money market instruments for financing short-term monetary requirements of various sectors such as agriculture, finance and manufacturing. The performance of the India money market has been outstanding in the past 20 years. The central bank of the country – the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has always been playing the major role in regulating and controlling the India money market. The intervention of RBI is varied – curbing crisis situations by reducing the cash reserve ratio (CRR) or infusing more money in the economy. Money market instruments take care of the borrowers’ short-term needs and render the required liquidity to the lenders. The varied types of India money market instruments are treasury bills, repurchase agreements, commercial papers, certificate of deposit, and bankers acceptance. The major players in the money market are Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Discount and finance House of India (DFHI), banks, financial institutions, mutual funds, government and the giant corporate houses. Indian money market has a dichotomic structure. It has a simultaneous existence of both organized and unorganized money markets. The organized structure consists of the RBI , all scheduled and commercial banks and other recognized financial institutions as mentioned above. However, the unorganized part of the market consists of local moneylenders, indigenous bankers, traders, etc. This part of the market is outside the purview of the RBI. Issues and challenges of the Indian money market The money market in India has undergone tremendous developments since past twenty years. However, it is still not free of certain rigidities that are hampering the growth of the market. They are: 1. Dichotomy between Organized and Unorganized Sectors: The most important defect of the Indian money market is its division into two sectors: (a) the organised sector and (b) the unorganized sector. There is little contact, coordination and cooperation between the two sectors. In such conditions it is difficult for the Reserve Bank to ensure uniform and effective implementations of monetary policy in both the sectors. 2. Predominance of Unorganized Sector: Another important defect of the Indian money market is its predominance of unorganised sector. The indigenous bankers occupy a significant position in the money-lending business in the rural areas. In this unorganized sector, no clear-cut distinction is made between short-term and long-term and between the purposes of loans. These indigenous bankers, which constitute a large portion of the money market, remain outside the organized sector. Therefore, they seriously restrict the Reserve Bank’s control over the money market, 3. Wasteful Competition: Wasteful competition exists not only between the organised and unorganised sectors, but also among the members of the two sectors. The relation between various segments of the money market are not cordial; they are loosely connected with each other and generally follow separatist tendencies. For example, even today, the State Bank of Indian and other commercial banks look down upon each other as rivals. Similarly, competition exists between the Indian commercial banks and foreign banks. 4. Absence of All-India Money Market: Indian money market has not been organised into a single integrated all-Indian market. It is divided into small segments mostly catering to the local financial needs. For example, there is little contact between the money markets in the bigger cities, like, Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta and those in smaller towns. 5. Inadequate Banking Facilities: Indian money market is inadequate to meet the financial need of the economy. Although there has been rapid expansion of bank branches in recent years particularly after the nationalization of banks, yet vast rural areas still exist without banking facilities. As compared to the size and population of the country, the banking institutions are not enough. 6. Shortage of Capital: Indian money market generally suffers from the shortage of capital funds. The availability of capital in the money market is insufficient to meet the needs of industry and trade in the country. The main reasons for the shortage of capital are: (a) low saving capacity of the people; (b) inadequate banking facilities, particularly in the rural areas; and (c) undeveloped banking habits among the people. 7. Seasonal Shortage of Funds: A Major drawback of the Indian money market is the seasonal stringency of credit and higher interest rates during a part of the year. Such a shortage invariably appears during the busy months from November to June when there is excess demand for credit for carrying on the harvesting and marketing operations in agriculture. As a result, the interest rates rise in this period. On the contrary, during the slack season, from July to October, the demand for credit and the rate of interest decline sharply. 8. Diversity of Interest Rates: Another defect of Indian money market is the multiplicity and disparity of interest rates. In 1931, the Central Banking Enquiry Committee wrote: â€Å"The fact that a call rate of 3/4 per cent, a hundi rate of 3 per cent, a bank rate of 4 per cent, a bazar rate of small traders of 6.25 per cent and a Calcutta bazar rate for bills of small trader of 10 per cent can exist simultaneously indicates an extraordinary sluggishness of the movement of credit between various markets.† The interest rates also differ in various centres like Bombay, Calcutta, etc. Variations in the interest rate structure is largely due to the credit immobility because of inadequate, costly and time-consuming means of transferring money. Disparities in the interest rates adversely affect the smooth and effective functioning of the money market. 9. Absence of Bill Market: The existence of a well-organized bill market is essential for the proper and efficient working of money market. Unfortunately, in spite of the serious efforts made by the Reserve Bank of India, the bill market in India has not yet been fully developed. The short-term bills form a much smaller proportion of the bank finance in India as compared to that in the advanced countries. Many factors are responsible for the underdeveloped bill market in India: * Most of the commercial transactions are made in terms of cash. * Cash credit is the main form of borrowing from the banks. Cash credit is given by the banks against the security of commodities. No bills are involved in this type of credit. * The practice of advancing loans by the sellers also limits the use of bills. * Heavy stamp duty discourages the use of exchange bills. * Absence of acceptance houses is another factor responsible for the underdevelopment of bill market in India. * In their desire to ensure greater liquidity and public confidence, the Indian banks prefer to invest their funds in first class government securities than in exchange bills. * The RBI also prefers to extend rediscounting facility to the commercial banks against approved securities. Comparison of Indian money market with Developed & Developing economies MONEY MARKET IN A DEVELOPED ECONOMY (with the US in reference) The domestic money market in the United States carries out the largest volume of transactions of any such market in the world; its participants include the most heterogeneous group of financial and nonfinancial concerns to be found in any money market; it permits trading in an unusually wide variety of money substitutes; and it is less centralized geographically than the money market of any other country. Although there has always been a clustering of money market activities in New York City and much of the country’s participation in the international money market centers there, a process of continuous change during the 20th century has produced a genuinely national money market. The unit banking system: This system has led inevitably to striking differences between money market arrangements in the United States and those of other countries. At times, some smaller banks almost inevitably find that the wholesale facilities of the money market cannot provide promptly the funds needed to meet unexpected reserve drains, as deposits move about the country from one bank to another. MONEY MARKET IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Well-developed money markets exist in only a few high-income countries. In other countries money markets are narrow, poorly integrated, and in many cases virtually nonexistent. Despite the many differences among countries, one can say in general that the degree of development of a country’s financial system, including its money markets, is directly related to the level of its economy. Most developing countries, except those having socialist systems, have the encouragement of money markets as a policy objective, if only to provide outlets for short-term government securities. At the same time many of these governments pursue low-interest-rate policies in order to reduce the cost of government debt and to encourage investment. Such policies discourage saving and make money market instruments unattractive. Nevertheless, a demand for short-term funds and a supply of them exist in all market-oriented economies. In many developing countries these pressures have led to â€Å"unorganized money markets,† which are often highly developed in urban areas Such markets are unorganized because they are outside â€Å"normal† financial institutions; they manage to escape government controls over interest rates; but at the same time they do not function very effectively because interest rates are high and contacts between localities and among borrowers and lenders are limited. Money Market Instruments in India: 1. COMMERCIAL PAPERS (CPs) : Commercial Paper (CP) is a negotiable short-term unsecured promissory note with fixed maturity, issued by well-rated companies generally sold on discount basis. It does not originate from any specific self-liquidating trade transaction like commercial bill which generally arise out of specific trade or commercial transaction. CP was introduced in India in 1990 with a view to enabling highly rated corporate borrowers to diversify their sources of short-term borrowings and to provide an additional instrument to investors. The CP rates usually lie between prime lending rate of commercial banks and some benchmark interest rate like 91-day Treasury bill rate, bank rate, 3 month MIBOR, Average Call Money Rate, etc. Except for the bank rate, which is a policy- induced rate, other rates are market determined. Risks associated with Cps: Credit Risk: Moderate to high. The ratings of the company issuing the commercial paper should be monitored; i.e., A-1/P-1. Liquidity Risk: Moderate. If a company has credit problems it may receive a negative credit watch, which will lead to a rating being downgraded. Commercial paper also may be somewhat difficult to sell. Market Risk: Moderate, due to the short-term nature of this security. CHALLENEGES ASSOCIATED WITH CPs: * Higher financial costs force organizational decisions and changes * Substantial initial collateral requirements * More risky as debt holders can force closure of MFI * More tricky cash flow management as principal is repaid * Early negotiations require a new set of skills and contacts * Local banks may not be willing to be cooperative * Loans may be dollarized in an inflationary situation * Too many subsidized loans can retard move to market rate 2. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS (CDs) : This scheme was introduced in July 1989, to enable the banking system to mobilize bulk deposits from the market, which they can have at competitive rates of interest. The major features are:   Who can issue- Scheduled commercial banks (except RRBs) and All India Financial Institutions within their `Umbrella limit’. Investors- Individuals (other than minors), corporations, companies, trusts, funds, associations etc Maturity -Min: 7 days Max : 12 Months (in case of FIs minimum 1 year and maximum 3 years). Amount- Min: Rs.1 lac, beyond which in multiple of Rs.1 lac Interest Rate- Market related. Fixed or floating Loan- Against collateral of CD not permitted Pre-mature cancellation- Not allowed Transfer, Endorsement & delivery- Any time Other conditions †¢ If payment day is holiday, to be paid on next preceding business day †¢Issued at a discount to face value †¢Duplicate can be issued after giving a public notice & obtaining indemnity CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH CDs: * No additions are permitted to be made to any CD. Unless otherwise required by law CDs may not be withdrawn prior to maturity. When one purchases a CD, he has to agree with the issuing depository institution to keep your funds on deposit for the term of the CD. * CDs are not automatically renewed * CDs are relatively illiquid and taxable instruments. Hence, generally people do not find an incentive to hold CDs. * One might not get a fixed interest rate if you choose the wrong type of CD. It’s important to understand the distinction between variable-rate CDs (which can be less predictable) and those that offer fixed rates. 3. TREASURY BILLS (T-BILLS) : Treasury bills, popularly known as T-bills, are short-term finance bills issued by the government. They are not backed by any trade transaction, like the commercial bills. These bills are highly liquid and risk-free as they are backed by a guarantee from the government. They were earlier issued for 91 days but now there are also 182 days and 364 days treasury bills. These treasury bills are floated through auctions conducted by RBI. The Reserve Bank of India as the leader and controller of money market, buys and sells these treasury bills. The buying and selling operations are conducted by DFHI on behalf of RBI for stabilizing the money market. Who can buy – Treasury bills can be purchased by any one (including individuals) except State govt. These are issued by RBI and sold through fortnightly or monthly auctions at varying discount rate depending upon the bids. Denomination – Minimum amount of face value Rs.1L and in multiples thereof. There is no specific amount/limit on the extent to which these can be issued or purchased. Maturity : 91-days TBs, 182-days TBs, 364-days TBs and two types of 14-days TBills. Rate of interest -Market determined, based on demand for and supply of funds in the money market. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH T-BILLS: * T-Bills do not fetch very attractive yields. * Though T-bills are sold through auction in order to ensure market rates for the investor, in actuality, competitive bids are almost absent. The RBI is compelled to accept these non-competitive bids , hence, adequate returns are not available. It makes T-bills unpopular. * Generally , the investors hold T-Bills till maturity and they do not come for circulation. Hence, active trading and mobility in T-bill market is adversely affected. 4. REPURCHASE AGREEMENT (REPO AND REVERSE REPO) : Repo is a money market instrument, which enables collateralized short term borrowing and lending through sale/purchase operations in debt instruments. Under a repo transaction, a holder of securities sells them to an investor with an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined date and rate. In the case of a repo, the forward clean price of the bonds is set in advance at a level which is different from the spot clean price by adjusting the difference between repo interest and coupon earned on the security. A reverse repo is the mirror image of a repo. For, in a reverse repo, securities are acquired with a simultaneous commitment to resell. Hence whether a transaction is a repo or a reverse repo is determined only in terms of who initiated the first leg of the transaction. When the reverse repurchase transaction matures, the counterparty returns the security to the entity concerned and receives its cash along with a profit spread. One factor which encourages an organization to enter into reverse repo is that it earns some extra income on its otherwise idle cash. Broadly, there are four types of repos available in the international market when classified with regard to maturity of underlying securities, pricing, term of repo etc. They comprise buy-sell back repo, classic repo bond borrowing and lending and tripartite repos. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS: * As far as risks are concerned although repos are collateralized transactions they are still exposed to counterparty risk and the issuer risk associated with the collateral. As far as the counterparty risk is concerned, the investor should be able to liquidate the securities received as collateral, thus largely offsetting any loss. Against this the seller /lender of bonds will hold cash or other securities as protection against non-return of the lent securities. In both the cases it is to be ensured that the realizable value equals or exceeds the exposure. * There is also the concentration risk resulting from illiquid issues which are used as collateral in the transaction. * Again, even where global agreements are signed full transfer of ownership as per contractual protections could be enforced only where a clean legal opinion is available in respect of jurisdiction concerned. In other words, repos are also prone to legal risks if care is not taken. 5. MONEY MARKET MUTUAL FUNDS (MMMF): 6. COLLATERALIZED BORROWING AND LENDING OBLIGATION (CBLO) It is a money market instrument as approved by RBI, is a product developed by CCIL (Clearing Council of India Ltd) . CBLO is a discounted instrument available in electronic book entry form for the maturity period ranging from one day to 90 Days (can be made available up to one year as per RBI guidelines). CBLO is explained as under: †¢ An obligation by the borrower to return the money borrowed, at a specified future date; †¢ An authority to the lender to receive money lent, at a specified future date with an option/privilege to transfer the authority to another person for value received; †¢ An underlying charge on securities held in custody (with CCIL) for the amount borrowed/lent. Banks, financial institutions, primary dealers, mutual funds and co-operative banks, who are members of NDS, are allowed to participate in CBLO transactions. Non-NDS members like corporate, co-operative banks, NBFCs, Pension/Provident Funds, Trusts etc. are allowed to participate by obtaining Associate Membership to CBLO Segment. In order to enable the market participants to borrow and lend funds, CCIL provides the Dealing System through: – Indian Financial Network (INFINET), a closed user group to the Members of the Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) who maintain Current account with RBI. – Internet gateway for other entities who do not maintain Current account with RBI.

The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of New Hampshire

Stopping Gang Violence in Toronto - 559 Words

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When it comes to decreasing or even potentially stopping gang violence on the streets of Toronto. We need to start by looking at the youth. Because after all they are in fact the future of the society we live in today. In psychology we learn that most of the children’s developmental process of what is right and wrong occurs during their childhood stage into their adolesence. In the childhood stage many factors that they incounter can affect the decision they would make in the future in regards to joining gangs. By getting to the youth we are able to grab the situation (gangShow MoreRelatedTAVIS Policing2729 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Toronto Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy (TAVIS) Policing SSCI-3050U-001 Andrew Lee Kyle McCaughey 100429290 Program Description Public safety and the safety of communities are one of the most important areas of focus for the police, which is why I chose to do my policing paper on the crime prevention program known as TAVIS. 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The Life And Music Of Charles Dickens s The Great...

Their father Thomas was born in Maidstone, Kent England. Kent is the origin of the Tolhurst name which likely means a thick, dense forest. It is an uncommon name being less than 1 in 100,000 in North America. On January 18, 1879, Thomas (b 1851, Maidstone, England) and Mary Elizabeth (b 1856, Ontario, nà ©e Cudmore) Tolhurst had their first of 6 daughters, Francis Elizabeth or Fanny after her paternal grandmother and mother. Over the next 141⠁„2 years the east-end Toronto bookkeeper and his wife had another 6 children only one being a boy: Emily Cudmore, Helen Beatrice, Annie Gertrude, Thomas George (b 1886), Amy Gladys and Eveline Winifred. Fanny was destined to never marry, becoming a well respected and well known drama and music teacher in Toronto producing, in over 50 years, many plays of Shakespeare s, Noà «l Coward, Shelly etc by the Toronto Student Players, various Church companies and the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. Emily, a tailoress, was destined to marry (to Samuel Douglas Deans in 1911 and having three boys, Samuel (b 1912), Alfred (b 1914) and Harold (b 1918)) as well as the third Tolhurst daughter Helen or Bertie, a church stenographer (to salesman Arthur Holman in 1916 and having two sons William (b 1917) and Alan (b 1922)). The fourth Tolhurst girl Annie, a milliner, died, before the Christmas of 1916, at the age of only 32, likely from consumption or tuberculous. Thomas and Elizabeth s fifth child was the break from having girls with Thomas.Show MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we

Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast Essay Example For Students

Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast Essay The plays Othello and Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, have many similarities and differences. Two main characters Iago, of Othello, and Hamlet, of Hamlet, can be compared and contrasted through characterization. Characterization is the represention of characteristics or motives of a character. Both characters have different character traits which make them truly different from one another, but their ending resolutions are remarkably the same. In Othello, Iago is a very manipulative and cunning character. Iagos entire scheme begins when Cassio is given the position that Iago wanted. Iago then comes up with numerous ideas and plots to steal the position he feels he most deserves. Iago deceis, steals, and kills to gain that position. Iago lies to his loved ones including his wife and friends. Iago tricks Othello into beleiving that his own wife, Desdemona, is having an affair, without any concrete proof. Othello is so caught up in Iagos ls that he refuses to believe Desdemona wh en she denies the whole thing. Iago also manages to steal from his own friend, Roderigo, without feeling guilty. He uses the money that Roderigo gives him to try and win over Desdemona. When Roderigo discovers thIago has been using his money he screams at Iago and threatens to kill him. However, Iago being very manipulative tells makes up a plot that involves Roderigo to capture the heart of Desdemona. Roderigo believes Iago and forgets about Iago stealing hisoney. Iagos plan is for Roderigo to kill Cassio. At the ending of the play, Iagos plot is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago realizes that his plot has been revealed and sees his wife as an obstacle and an annoying person who has let t his secret, so he kills her. Iagos merciless taking of Emilia, his wife, and Roderigo, his friend, lives is another one of Iagos characteristic of a an immoral human being whos main concern is to protect himself. On the other hand, in Hamlet, Hamleis the perfect example of the tr agic hero. Hamlet has all the good traits needed to be a tragic hero. He is brave and daring. One example of this is that when he went to England, he was taking a big risk. If his plan didnt work, he would have been execed. Hamlet is also loyal. His loyalty to his father, was the reason he was so angry at Claudius and his Mother. Claudius married King Hamlets wife shortly after King Hamlets death. Another trait of Hamlet was that he was intelligent. He was able to tnk up the idea of faking insanity, in order to get more information about Claudius. But Hamlet like all other tragic heros had a flaw. He couldnt get around to doing anything, because he couldnt move on. It took him a long time to stop grieving aboutis father, because he didnt want to move past that part of his life. And after he finally did, Hamlet couldnt get around to killing Claudius. He kept pretending he was insane even after he was sure that Claudius killed his father. When Hamlet was chalnged to a fencing match ag ainst a chosen opponent from the king Hamlet agrees. Finally, Hamlet is in a state of peace and readiness, accepting his fate. Hamlet has been through a lot in his lifetime. He has been deceived, lied to, and lost the ones he htruly loved. The plays Othello and Hamlet can be compared through their characterization of characters. The final resolutions in both plays seemed to have the same bloody effects of death. In Othello, Iagos manipulative characteristic led him to death. Iagos manipative plot of deceit, betrayal, and turmoil led him to his downfall when his plot was revealed. Iagos manipulative plot led to the death of many characters in the play. Desdemona died because her husband did not believe that she was being loyal to him ter Iago proclaimed that she was cheating on Othello. Emilia, Iagos wife, died because she revealed Iagos plot. Roderigo died because he was used and manipulated by Iago. And finally Othello died because he was tricked, by Iago, into believing things thout any known proof. In Hamlet, Hamlets vengenance for his fathers murderer led him to kill Laertes. Gertrude, Hamlets mother, dies after she accidentally drinks a poisoned glass. After Hamlet sees Gertrude has died, he forces Claudius to dri nk theemaining poison. Hamlet dies after he is told by the dieing Laertas that the sword was poisoned and Hamlet has only thirty minutes to live. In both plays each characters motives, actions and characteristic traits had equal and similair results, death. In Shakespeares plays he often creates a straight forward atmosphere in which the reader can differentiate from good and evil. He shows this characteristic through his characters in the way they act and their motives. For example Hamlets actions show that he is a loyal and faithful person. While Claudius actions show us that he is very cunning and sly, only looking to gain power. A.C. Bradley was a literary critic who criticized and analyzed many works of Shakespeare including Othello and Hamlet. his temperament the Elizabethans would have called melancholic. Next, we cannot be mistaken in attributing to him an exquisite sensibility to which we may give the name moral. To the very end, his soul, however sick and tortured it may b e, ansrs instantaneously when good and evil are presented to it, loving the one and hating the other. A.C. Bradley shows that Shakespeare often has very villainous characters and hero type characters that allows the readers to differentiate from the villns and the heroes. In conclusion, these two plays, Othello and Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare have proven their comparisons and contrasting points very well. Both plays have their similarities in their own way, but there are differences that virtually make the bootruly unique. Shakespeare Essays

Thought I Saw You the Other Day free essay sample

The things my dad taught me were many. Things I saw, things I felt, things I heard, things I experienced outside of my senses. Things tangible, things abstract, things wonderful in their obviousness, things harder to tell apart than me and my twin brother. Things that stuck to me so hard they hurt, things that slipped through my desperately reaching fingers like memories from a dream. Things outside of my mother’s ability to explain, thing well outside of any school’s ability to teach. Things that are universal in their application, things that can’t be explained in an essay. Some things of which I will try to relive here. Identity. Since I was a nameless embryo competing for conception in my shared womb to when I was a teenager competing for square footage in my shared room, I was constantly mistaken for my competitor. During the early instances of people’s confusion, I vehemently opposed and corrected their mistakes, not wanting to be my brother’s shadow, or him mine. We will write a custom essay sample on Thought I Saw You the Other Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But eventually the unrelenting flow of ignorance led to my penultimate belief that I would be nothing more than a doppelganger, without individual ideas or values. To my dad, however, I was the half of an undivided attention that carefully separated his nephew’s personalities like a man panning for gold. He helped me believe that I could forge my respective path in life, and never forgot that my nose is slightly higher than my brother’s. He made me see that my brother does not define who I am, and that my successes and failures are my own. Survival of the fittest. After a mal shark mates, he leaves the mother with her children and continues with his own life. Then the mother, fed up with her high-maintenance and hot-tempered kids and unable to cope alone, gives up on them and searches for a new companion. Unmanaged and unchecked, the identical offspring become the most terrifying members of their neighborhood. In the process, however, the weak ones, unable to adapt to their situation, are overwhelmed and rooted out of their society. The strong ones, finding the independence suited to their tastes, relish the challenge and excel in their isolated environment. I felt that all of the children were different parts of me. The things consumed in grief and bitter lassitude – in other words, weakness – I had to learn to disassociate and sever, sometimes painfully. Other things, some of which were not part of me and I had to acquire, rose up and helped me to simply survive. He probably didn’t know it, but my dad’s action helped mold me into who I am today – the king of the fish in the sea. There were many things my dad taught me. He taught me love. He taught me hate. He taught me success. He taught me mistakes. He taught me to see the ripples of a word. He taught me to see the waves of an action. He taught me to learn from him while he was with me. He taught me to miss him while he was away. Taught me so well, that I thought I saw him the other day. But the thing is, my dad passed away last year. And that was probably the greatest thing he ever taught me.