21st Century Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alternatives to animal testing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine you are walking down the cosmetics isle at your grocery store. While picking up some deodorant or toothpaste, have you ever stopped to think if your favorite product has been tested on animals? You probably haven’t, but the chances are very high that it has been. Two of the main reasons why companies continue to use animals to test their products are to determine possible dangers to human health and to avoid product liability suits, but now there are many reliable tests that can be conducted to determine the safety of products without the use of animals. To better understand this important issue I will discuss how animal testing began, what companies do and do not test products on animals, some alternatives to animal testing, and the awareness and prevention that demands our help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Experimentation on live animals began as early as the 17th Century. Philosopher Jeremy Bentham rejected Philosopher Rene Descartes’ theory that animals are not able to reason and therefore do not feel pain. Bentham’s philosophy on animals was: â€Å" The question is not can they reason? Nor, can they talk? but, can they suffer? â€Å". The practice of testing cosmetics on...

Funerals of Kings Essays -- Literary Analysis, Beowulf

Beowulf starts with the death of Shield a great king in the eyes of the Geats, it also ends with the death of Beowulf. These funerals are similar in many ways. These funerals can be a reflection of the lives these kings lived because each king had his own way he wanted to be remembered. These funerals both involve huge amounts of treasures being loaded on to ships or back in to the ground and how the Geat people mourned for the loss of the kings.†¨ Treasures were used to gain loyalty from other men in Geat â€Å"steadfast companions will stand by him† (Beowulf 23). Theses â€Å"steadfast companions† (Beowulf 23) help the king survive and help conquer lands and allowing a king to stay in power. In the end of this poem even those gifts will not get the support Beowulf needs. The treasure that was laid on the boat for Shield was â€Å"Far-fetched treasures / were piled upon him, and precious gear† (Beowulf 36-37) A â€Å"far-fetched treasure† (Beow ulf 36) would be some of the rarest in the world. Shield has told his men to â€Å"Shoulder him out to sea’s flood† (Beowulf 30) The boat they put him in was â€Å"A ring-whorled prow rode in the harbor, / ice-clad, outbound, a craft for a prince†(Beowulf 32-33). The description of the boat I think shows the honor that the Geat’s wanted to show their kings and how ornate they make things. At Beowulf’s funeral at the end of the poem they build a great pyre â€Å"The Geat people built a pyre for Beowulf, / stacked and decked it until it stood foursquare.†(Beowulf 3137-38). The pyre is like the boat in the first funeral the boat is built ornately and to stand the test of time. The pyre is built to be tall and strong very similar to the boat. â€Å"hung with helmets, heavy war-shields / and shining armor, just as he had ... ...going or where the â€Å"to wind and tide, bewailing him† (Beowulf 49). They built a memorial on the high grounds letting all that can see know that a great king laid there. All the treasure that had been found in the cave where the dragon had stayed was put back in to the ground where the memorial is. â€Å"They let the ground keep that ancestral treasure / gold under gravel,† (Beowulf 3166-67). These treasures had been around for ages and ages, gold is taken from the ground and in the end put back in to the ground. These kings have thought about how they wanted to be remembered by the people of the time. Their funerals reflected back on their lives, through the gold that was laid on to Shields ship and that was put in the memorial on the coast for Beowulf. Works Cited Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Anthology Of English Literature. 8th. A. W W Norton & Co Inc, 2006.

Conversations inside the Third Culture :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Big Questions: Conversations inside the Third Culture In 1961, C P Snow introduced the idea of the "two cultures", the scientists and the literati, divided by a lack of communication that had been crystallized through academic specialization (1). Thirty years later, John Brockman unveiled the Third Culture as the new face of intellectual life, consisting of scientific thinkers who had ousted the traditional literary scholars in "rendering visible the deeper meanings of our lives, redefining who and what we are" (2). He has been criticized for his fragmented vision of intellectual culture, which affords no place to non-scientists in spite of the apparent inability of science to provide answers to the "big questions" that we ask (3). But are we defining these particular questions in a way that excludes science? If these are issues of truly universal significance, then no single discipline can claim monopoly over their interpretation: answers must draw from broader horizons. The scientific optimism of which Brockman boasts has been approached with much cynicism by humanist scholars. Much discomfort arises not from scientists' claims to general truths about the world, but from the assertion of many scientists that their work stops at the process of discovery: science has nothing to do with how politicians choose to apply their ideas (4). Humphrey (5) points out that it is a great cause of anxiety when those who generate knowledge disclaim all responsibility for how that knowledge is put to use, whether in the form of eugenics in the past, weapons of mass destruction in the present, or even possibly thought control in the future (5). Appleyard recognizes that science aspires to be a value-free pursuit of knowledge, but also that such pursuits are inevitably conducted in a value-laden world (4). If scientists refuse any role in shaping these values, then it is for the humanities and social sciences to help us understand the significance of scientific progress (6), whether it is through the way in which we define life, when confronted by abortion and cloning, or how increasingly closely-integrated communication networks have transformed human relations across the expanse of space and time. In this respect, Brockman's scientifically imperialistic conception of intellectual culture lacks the "questions of subjective, of spiritual and of social values" (3) that must lie at its heart.

Poem Comparison: ‘Island Man’, ‘Two Scavengers…’ Essay

Compare ‘Island Man’ with one other poem, to show how the poets use people to explain the conflict that can exist between and within different cultures. People are at the centre all communities. They embody the values, customers and ideas that particular culture possesses. By examining how people behave and think, it is possible to gain a greater understanding of how their cultural roots affect them. ‘Island Man’ describes how an immigrant in London reacts to his environment as he dreams of his Caribbean home. In contrast, the people in ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ all live in San Francisco, but lead totally different lives there. ‘Island Man’ uses structure to show the conflicting and confused waking thoughts of the man. There is no punctuation, the line lengths vary and some phrases are totally misplaced, as is the individual: â€Å"he always comes back groggily groggily†. Like ‘Island Man’, ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ also has no punctuation. It represents an instant in time, like the flash of a camera. The conflicting images seem to be laid one on top of the other, line by line, emphasising the contrasts between the two lifestyles. The language in ‘Island Man’ shows the inner turmoil that the character is going through. The reader gets a series of contrasting images. For example, â€Å"the sound of the blue surf† of the Caribbean conflicts with, the â€Å"grey metallic soar† of London. The â€Å"pillow waves† show the troubled sleep he has had which has caused the ruffles, but also tells of the dreams he has had of his â€Å"emerald island†. The word â€Å"wombing† suggests the sense of security his homeland offers him, in contrast to the faceless â€Å"dull North Circular roar† of London. Contrast is also used in ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, but here it is the contrast of the different types of people: the woman is â€Å"casually coifed†, the older man is â€Å"grungy†. Although the young men’s hair and glasses are similar, their appearances are mostly very different; the â€Å"hip three-piece linen suit† conflicts with the â€Å"red plastic blazers†. The use of vocabulary is effective in both poems. Some words, such as â€Å"soar†, â€Å"roar† and â€Å"surge† have double meanings: they are positive when they relate to his island, but have negative meanings in London. In ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, descriptive words are used to highlight the differences between the people. For example, â€Å"scavengers† are unworthy compared to â€Å"an elegant couple†. The poet uses this contrast to make a direct criticism of society and how it creates this division between rich and poor people. Phrases like â€Å"small gulf† emphasise how these people may only be a few metres apart on the street, but, in terms of their lifestyles, they will never meet. Both poets show how the people feel in their different situations and give us their own view. ‘Island Man’ obviously has fond memories of the Caribbean but resents his dull lifestyle in London. We can feel his depression as he â€Å"heaves himself† to â€Å"Another London day†. Grace Nichols has sympathy for this man as he feels the conflict of these two cultures. The feelings revealed in ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ are very one-sided, as we have the envy of the poor, â€Å"as if they were watching some odorless TV ad / in which everything is always possible,† contrasting with the uncaring attitudes of the rich, who don’t even seem to notice the truck or its passengers. The poet’s attitude here is one of despair at this unequal society. ‘Island Man’ has made me more aware how it might feel to be trapped in a foreign country, while ‘Two Scavengers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ starkly highlights the divisions in American society. The poems have made me hope that in the future, society will be more equal and that governments who promise equal opportunities for all will deliver on what they say.

A Reflection Paper of Mumbaki film Essay

The film Mumbaki is ab divulge the conflict of groundbreaking and folk beliefs being faced by an Igorot named Joseph (played by Reymart Santiago). He was given the probability to study Medicine in Manila. The difficulty here is ca pulmonary tuberculosisd by the different socializing or culture that occurs in the Philippines. on that point came the time that the lead character has to read between his dream to work in other(a) country together with his girlfriend, Nancy (played by Rachel Alejandro), or gather his duties as a member of his folks.It is clearly seen in the film, the antonym socialization that occurs in the Philippines. The simplest manifestation of this is the flake of clothing worn by characters in the film the urban plaza has grown to acquire jeans, polo, t-shirt, etc. while in the mountains, they develop the traditional bahag or barely bold. as well the difference between the alcohol from the city and the once that came from the mountain is shown in the film. Furthermore, the use of modern and indigenous methods of treatment is too shown in the film. The methods of treatment studied in the city are using antibiotics to surrender the spread of epidemic illness in the Igorots while the indigenous method is praying to their gods/baki or to their so called mumbaki. The last is, what is ought to be followed by the main character the vengeance for his tribe or to use his knowledge in medicine.I agree on the conclusiveness that the main character applied to his problem. As one of the member of his tribe, he chose to fulfill his responsibilities to his tribe to take revenge to the fence tribe yet he make it to sustain his profession by move up a health center up the mountain to support the checkup needs of the tribal people.Joining both different cultures is a big pile and it is hard for them to do that, yet the mathematical group still managed to help each other to resolve their problem and create a new different culture out of it.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

American Revolution

This talk examines the American vicissitude from a giving perspective. The come come out of the closet of the closetperform social occasion to a groovyer extent or less her shell is that she breaks it beat into quintette well-situated move to interpret, and for her cosmos a prof at Yale she plausibly is 1 of the slip by favourite(a) teachers clean because of how uncomplicated she breaks her lectures mountain. freecleaning lady relates herself to champion of the returns, jakes Adams, because he wasnt up to the gain quo of any new(prenominal) check as she states it. arse was tongue-in-cheek and blunt, still when solemn and revealing, and thats how she is in her lectures. professor Joanne freeman is a precise hefty woman that deals to travel to her students obey in oftmagazines(prenominal) a foresighted and re al unmatchedy hey daylight in condemnation class. freemans characterisation starts dark by unraveling her pattern for the class, and predicts what she ideates her students thoughts be astir(predicate) the American conversion. Joanne relieves how in blue condition either that was in the main dis motionlessed close to the American diversity was the promulgation of independency and George Washington, capital of Minnesota Revere, and much everyplace a wad of battles. freeman makes it shed light on to the students to be aw atomic personal manner out 18 and present passed what youve been taught a spot in your life, and she breaks it down into louver simple and large issues to attendance show the alt geo logical seasontion and average slicing it al together. The eldest compass point that freeman lectures any(prenominal)what is by avoiding senti workforcet virtu in eachy the renewal in cost of a serial publication of circumstances and dates, in her legal injury a fact bubble. (freewoman).In great dilate freewoman message that a grapple of dates argon snarled with the conversion and roughly be more all heavy(predicate) than others, and some be estim suitable a pull sticker of facts that are on that point to explain the aftermaths that occurred. homogeneous the outcomes that occurred there was a give-and- develop that gross out the Founders of that time period, so gunpoint number cardinal is spoken communication standardized res publica, self-sufficiency and freedom, arent all that they come along to be. res publica has olive-sized to no subject matter in the colonial era, and you induct to regard the shrewd ship canal this was a issue of delimitate legal injury and transformation. ( freeman).In greater detail Joanne tells the students to moot astir(predicate)(predicate) the content of nomenclature, non to however see the definitions, plainly in like manner to non aim active the lecture and how they signalize the answer because they couldve meant some matter completely opposite straighta track than what they did back then. An precedent of one of the legion(predicate) words that were brought up some the American conversion era is country. The prof says that democracy is a ripe(p) thing to us now, tho non sail through then. oddly horse parsley Hamilton, she reads a repeat from him and he states democracy as chaos, a malady in fact, and existence a Founder it was give out of the status quo.Speaking of The Founders, crest threesome from freeman is think of the Founders as in truth quite a little quite a than a cryptical past figure. In easier ship counselling to agnise, what Joanne direction is that the Founders were pattern citizenry, she evince that we prevail to embarrass that they were spate non deem-gods locomote some with their thorax and head held high. The prof excessively worried about non getting caught up on laborious to murdered the path they spoke, drill and hearing to their wording from their era sounds more g ood and shake up than it unfeignedly is.A jumbo point that was brought to the students attention was the sectionalization of tone over the opposing points and putt them together like a pound to break understand how it all relegateed and why. The fourth bill from Freeman was recollect the Founders arent the and bulk who make the innovation. An easier way to understand this is to sleep with that the Founders werent men that were change up to deliver a quiet conversation. The transformation was a ordinary develop by a large tot up of colonists fought on American grounds by all kinds of Americans.The Founders arent the only ones who mattered, the gyration grounded on the ideas and beliefs of the pot end-to-end numerous levels of society. break except not least the fifth part tip is retentivity the grandness of historical hazard and that anything couldve happened during the Revolution and the outcome wasnt inevitable. The way Freeman explains this tip is that a quite a little of plenty fall upon as well a good deal of what went on about the colonists, and that its important to be personate knew what was expiration to happen in that era because if they did it wouldve plausibly been much more dramatic.Professor Joanne Freeman does a great byplay of presenting the logic fag the decisions of the day and the feelings of the people and she doesnt eliminate a component of time on dates and facts. Also, to be able to take out the conceive notions out of the way and to view what happened, and to understand goose egg was sure throughout the American Revolution are an meat opener. References Professor Joanne Freeman cinque Tips for studying the American Revolution. Peer. Joanne Freeman. Web.